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Author Guidelines

Guide for Author (copy from Journal of Food Composition and Analysis)

Types of paper 

The following types of papers are published:

• Original Research Articles are complete reports of original, scientifically sound research. They must contribute new knowledge and be organized as described in this Guide. Please follow carefully the organization of the sections described in Article Structure (see below).
• Reviews are papers which provide an analysis of a scientific or applied field, which include all important findings and bring together reports from a number of sources. There are two categories of reviews:

1. Critical reviews provide a comprehensive, extensive review of a topic and a thorough referencing of the relevant literature.
2. Study reviews provide an analysis of a selected number of published or unpublished studies.

Review articles may be invited by the Editor or the Editorial Board. Alternatively, potential authors considering the preparation of a Review article should contact the Editor to suggest the topic and its scope, providing an outline in the form of major headings and a summary statement. In any case, such articles are subject to the normal processes of peer review and revision.

Article structure

Subdivision - numbered sections 
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

Introduction 
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Materials and methods 
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference, only relevant modifications should be described.

Under Materials and Methods, describe and cite where applicable sampling protocols, sample handling/preparation, and all experimental conditions and procedures (including quality control/quality assurance procedures), with sufficient clarity to permit qualified researchers to repeat the work. This section must include the number/size of samples collected, prepared and extracted, as well as number of analytical replicates per sample; and the statistical procedures/programs used to assess the work should be cited. A minimum of three individual samples must be analysed for each reported mean value, along with some indication of variability. When only one or two samples have been analysed, notwithstanding the number of replicates, authors should present the normal precision of their assays and then report the mean (without a standard deviation). Data must be reported to the appropriate number of significant digits for that precision and instrumental sensitivity.

Results 
Results should be clear and concise.

Actual analytical data should be reported. For example, report nitrogen in addition to a calculated protein value, or define the nitrogen to protein ratio clearly under Materials and Methods and thereafter use protein. All factors used in calculations (e.g. energy), and all components used in aggregations (e.g. retinol equivalents), should be specified. Carbohydrate reported as "Total carbohydrate by difference" is not acceptable in Results or in tables; however, it may be used in discussions. Use of "crude fibre" is discouraged.

Discussion 
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

Conclusions 
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.

Appendices 
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.

Essential title page information 
• Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible. The title should be limited to 15 words or 80 characters.
• Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address") may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

Abstract 
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.

The abstract (200 words maximum) must briefly summarize major findings and conclusions. Do not use statements such as "Results are discussed". Many abstracting services use abstracts without modification, so this section should be able to stand alone and be comprehensible without the rest of the paper (do not refer to items in the reference list which will not accompany the abstract in some instances).

Highlights 
Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). See http://www.elsevier.com/highlights for examples.

Keywords 
A minimum of 6-10 keywords must be listed. Authors should bear in mind that keywords allow the article to be found by Internet database search engines and considerably increase article citations when they are as numerous and comprehensive as possible.

Chemical compounds 
You can enrich your article by providing a list of chemical compounds studied in the article. The list of compounds will be used to extract relevant information from the NCBI PubChem Compound database and display it next to the online version of the article on ScienceDirect. You can include up to 10 names of chemical compounds in the article. For each compound, please provide the PubChem CID of the most relevant record as in the following example: Glutamic acid (PubChem CID:611). The PubChem CIDs can be found viahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pccompound. Please position the list of compounds immediately below the 'Keywords' section. It is strongly recommended to follow the exact text formatting as in the example below:
Chemical compounds studied in this article
Ethylene glycol (PubChem CID: 174); Plitidepsin (PubChem CID: 44152164); Benzalkonium chloride (PubChem CID: 15865)
More information is available at: http://www.elsevier.com/PubChem.

Abbreviations 
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.

Acknowledgements 
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).

Nomenclature and units 
The decimal point, not the decimal comma, should be used when reporting numeric data in tables and text. Insert a zero in front of a decimal point when it applies. For instance, instead of .36 use 0.36. All numeric data must be presented to an appropriate number of significant digits (for a discussion of significant digits in food composition data, see Greenfield, H. and Southgate, D.A.T., 2003, Food composition data: Production, Management and Use, 2nd ed., FAO, Rome; in particular ch. 9 (pp. 163-170), and Table 9.1. Download athttp://www.fao.org/infoods/publications_en.stm.

The International System of Units (SI, Systeme International d' Unites) or the SI-derived system should be used in reporting units of measurement, including dates in the format of year-month-day. If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI. Energy should be given as kJ or MJ (equivalent kcal or Mcal may be given in parentheses). The Centigrade scale (C° ) may be used for temperature.

Database linking 
Elsevier encourages authors to connect articles with external databases, giving their readers one-click access to relevant databases that help to build a better understanding of the described research. Please refer to relevant database identifiers using the following format in your article: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN). See http://www.elsevier.com/databaselinking for more information and a full list of supported databases.

Math formulae 
Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).

Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.

Table footnotes 
Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.

Text graphics 
Text graphics may be embedded in the text at the appropriate position. If you are working with LaTeX and have such features embedded in the text, these can be left. See further under Electronic artwork.

Tables 
Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.

References

References in a special issue 
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.

Reference style 
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spelling of authors' names and dates are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list.

Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list at the end of the manuscript (and vice versa).

All citations in the text should refer to:

1. Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication;
3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by et al. and the year of publication.

Citations may be made directly or parenthetically. Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically. Examples: "as demonstrated (Allan, 1996a, b, 1999; Allan & Jones, 1995). Kramer et al. (2000) have recently shown..."

References cited together in the text should be arranged chronologically. The list of references must be arranged alphabetically on authors' names, and should be as full as possible, listing all authors, the full title of articles and full title of journals, publisher and year.

Titles of periodicals mentioned in the list of references must be spelled out in full.

In the case of publications in any language other than English, the original title is to be retained. However, the titles of publications in non-Latin alphabets should be transliterated, and a notation such as "(in Russian)" or "(in Greek, with English abstract)" should be added.

References concerning unpublished data and "personal communications" must not be cited in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text, giving the full details (name and affiliation of the contact). References included in the reference list as "in press" should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication data with "in press". Citation of a reference as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication. In the final publication, material referenced as "submitted" is not acceptable - if it cannot be referenced as "in press" then the text needs to be revised to state "unpublished results" and the reference deleted from the reference list.

The following are examples of reference layouts. Please use a hanging indent (second and subsequent lines indented).

Reference to a chapter in a monograph:

Maubois, J.-L., & Olivier, G. (1992). Milk protein fractionation. In New applications of membrane processing (pp. 112-120). Brussels, Belgium: International Dairy Federation.

Reference to a chapter in a book:

De Kruif, C. G., & Holt, C. (2003). Casein micelle structure, functions and interactions. In P. F. Fox, & P. L. H. McSweeney (Eds.), Advanced dairy chemistry, Vol. 1: Proteins (3rd ed) (pp.233-276). New York, NY, USA: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

Reference to an article in a journal:

Schakel, S. F., Harnack, L., Wold, C., Van Heel, N., Himes, J.H. (1999). Incorporation of trans-fatty acids into a comprehensive nutrient database. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 12, 323-331.

Note: If necessary, cite issue number if page numbering is not continuous.

Reference to a book:

Marsh, D. (1990). CRC handbook of lipid bilayers. Boston, MA, USA: CRC Press.

Reference to a published standard:

IDF (1982). Cheese and processed cheese-determination of total solids content. IDF Standard 4a. Brussels, Belgium: International Dairy Federation.

Reference to a paper in published conference proceedings:

Maubois, J. L. (1998). Fractionation of milk proteins. In Proceedings of the 25th International Dairy Congress (Vol. II, pp. 74-86). Dairy Science and Technology: Aarhus, Denmark.

Reference to a thesis:

Alting, A. C. (2003). Cold gelation of globular proteins. PhD Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
Note: The thesis should be publicly available

For Website references:

INFOODS (2005). Tagnames for Food Components. Retrieved March 21, 2006 from:http://www.fao.org/infoods/tagnames_en.stm

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. (2006). USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 18. Retrieved January 30, 2006 from the Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page:http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/

When reporting results of studies using nutrient databases, authors should cite and reference the database and/or software product with name, version number, release date, and vendor. 

Journal abbreviations source 
All abbreviations, chemical names, and journal names should follow the style of Chemical Abstract Service . A useful writing guide is Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors and Publishers, Style Manual Committee Council of Biology Editors, 1994, 6th ed., Cambridge University Press.

Submission checklist
The following list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.

Ensure that the following items are present:
One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details: 

• E-mail address 
• Full postal address 
• Phone numbers 

All necessary files have been uploaded, and contain: 

• Keywords 
• All figure captions 
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes) 

Further considerations:

• Manuscript has been 'spell-checked' and 'grammar-checked'.
• References are in the correct format for this journal.
• All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa.
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web).
• Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print, or to be reproduced in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print.
• If only color on the Web is required, black-and-white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes.

For any further information please visit our customer support site at http://support.elsevier.com.

Journal website:

http://jfat.mfu.ac.th

Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

1. The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
2. The submission file is in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, RTF, or WordPerfect document file format.
3. Where available, URLs for the references have been provided.
4. The text is single-spaced; uses a 12-point font; employs italics, rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.
5. The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines, which is found in About the Journal.
6. If submitting to a peer-reviewed section of the journal, the instructions in Ensuring a Blind Review have been followed.

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